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1% of deaths worldwide due to secondhand smoke – including my dad

Posted on by Sally Kneidel
My kind and beloved mom. I miss her every day. Photo: Sally Kneidel

My mother was a chain smoker; she died of pancreatic cancer, which is linked to smoking.

My dad didn’t smoke at all, but he died of lung cancer.

Secondhand smokes kills 603,000 per year

So I wasn’t too surprised to see in today’s paper that secondhand smoke kills 603,000 people per year. That’s in addition to the 5.1 million killed annually from smoking itself.

165,000 children die yearly of smoke-related illnesses

The study I saw in the newspaper was conducted by the World Health Organization. Armando Peruga of WHO said the organization was particularly concerned about the 165,000 children who die of smoke-related respiratory infections, mostly in Southeast Asia and Africa. I found that interesting, having recently returned from a stay in Southeast Asia.

In Southeast Asia it’s customary for men to smoke, part of the masculine subculture

I noticed in Malaysia and Indonesia that most men smoke, while no women do. When I asked about it in Indonesia, a local told me that it’s taboo for women to smoke, but it’s a “custom” for men and especially all nature guides to smoke, particularly while leading treks. I found that odd. I also found it annoying to be engulfed in cigarette smoke while trying to stand absolutely still to photograph skittish wildlife. I noticed that Southeast Asian men seem to have no awareness that their smoke may be bothersome to others nearby. Smoking takes place anywhere and everywhere, and I never saw anyone react negatively to it except myself.

Most of these cigarette brands originated in the United States.  Here, they’re for sale behind the counter in Gentingmas, a small food shop in Sandakan, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. Photo: Sally Kneidel

North Carolina is the home of corporate tobacco

Of course, almost all of the cigarettes the Asian men smoked were brands that originated in America, which was embarrassing. Local stores sold Marlboros, Pall Malls, Kents, Winstons, Salems. I live less than 100 miles from the town of Winston-Salem, NC, home of R.J. Reynolds, one of the world’s largest cigarette corporations.

Children of smoking parents have not only an increased risk of death, but many related illnesses

Peruga of WHO went on to say that children whose parents smoke have a higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome, ear infections, pneumonia, bronchitis and asthma. Their lungs may also grow more slowly than kids whose parents don’t smoke.

Women impacted most by secondhand smoke

The WHO study, published last Friday in the medical journal Lancet, reported that secondhand smoke has its biggest impact on women, killing about 281,000 yearly. In many parts of the world, women are at least 50 percent more likely to be exposed to secondhand smoke than men. That makes sense given what I observed in Indonesia and Malaysia. The men are doing the smoking, while the women and children are breathing it. And the social custom seems to be to pretend that the smoke is not a problem.

She told me cigarettes were her best friend

I remember going out to eat with my parents one Sunday when I was a kid; my brothers weren’t there. I complained in the car about the cigarette smoke and I complained again at the table. My dad told me to nip it, he said my biting my fingernails was more annoying than the smoke so I had no room to talk. I know he was just trying to protect my mom, to let her enjoy her cigarettes in peace. She always did say that cigarettes were her best friend. After an aneurysm ruptured in her head and left her severely brain damaged (2 years before the pancreatic cancer killed her), she still kept trying to smoke. She’d sit upright in her bed and go through all the motions of smoking, putting her empty fingers to her lips, drawing in deeply and blowing out the imaginary smoke. She didn’t realize the cigarette was missing. Poor mama, she did that right up to the end. A true North Carolinian – born, bred, and dead in the land of tobacco.  She may have loved her cigs, but I can’t say they loved her back.

Me and two dear Malaysian friends, Ria and Nola. They work in the Gentingmas shop on Borneo, where I did a lot of food shopping. The shop sells Marlboros and Winstons like most Asian shops. But Ria and Nola don’t smoke and neither do I.  Photo: Ken Kneidel

Cited:
“Secondhand smoke kills more than 600,000 a year. New study shows global impact of secondhand smoke; children account for more than one-quarter of deaths each year.” CBS News. London, November 25, 2010.

Maria Cheng. “600,000 deaths a year blamed on secondhand smoke” Associated Press. Reprinted in Charlotte Observer, November 26, 2010.

One of my recent posts about the tobacco industry’s marketing to minors:
New studies show fast foods “kids meals” loaded with calories and fat

Key words: 600,000 deaths secondhand smoke cigarettes WHO cancer lung cancer respiratory disease

Posted in Cancer, Health, Smoking Tagged with: , ,

Conflicting USDA advice : Yes or no to cheese?

Posted on by Sally Kneidel
Dairy cow. Photo: Sally Kneidel

A couple of years ago, one of my co-workers brought a Pizza Hut pizza into our workplace for lunch. I remember it because I was surprised at how much cheese was on the pizza. Way too much! Biting it was like sinking my teeth into a greasy gob of congealed milk fat. I couldn’t eat it.

I understand now why the pizza had so much cheese on it. The New York Times published an article on November 6 that explains it.

Photo: Sally Kneidel

I knew already that the Agriculture Department buys surplus foods, mostly animal products, that farmers can’t sell for a profit; Sadie and I wrote about that in our 2005 book Veggie Revolution. Some of that food is donated to schools. In 1991, 90% of the food donated to schools by the USDA were butter, cheese, whole milk, beef, pork, and eggs. That’s one reason school lunches have been and still are notoriously high in saturated fat.

What happens to the rest of the surplus? This is where the story gets confusing and just weird. The government is contradicting itself. Don’t eat milk fat; do eat milk fat.

Photo: Sally Kneidel

The USDA wants to pretend that health is a priority

Under pressure from medical and health organizations, the USDA in 2005 published a revised and more healthful “Food Pyramid” that recommends “low-fat or fat-free” dairy products. A USDA brochure called “Steps to a Healthier You!” advises us to “Ask for whole-wheat crust and half the cheese” on pizzas. These are part of the USDA’s drive to reduce obesity and heart disease in the U.S. Through the federal government’s efforts as well as medical warnings, Americans have been choosing more low-fat dairy products, leaving a bigger surplus of whole milk and milk fat products.

What to do with all that surplus milk fat?

The federal government could let the law of supply and demand take its course, and let some of our dairies go out of business. That would make sense, if we’re eating too much cheese, and we are. According to the NY Times article, Americans now eat an average of 33 pounds of cheese a year, nearly triple the 1970 rate. Cheese has become the largest source of saturated fat for Americans; an ounce of many cheeses contains as much saturated fat as a glass of whole milk.

Photo: Sally Kneidel

But letting dairies go out of business is apparently not an option, I suppose because the federal government receives government-mandated fees from the dairy industry.

At any rate, the federal government has created a marketing organization called “Dairy Management” to promote the consumption of dairy products. Dairy Management’s annual budget is $140 million.  The money comes from dairy fees and from the USDA, which oversees the ad campaigns and contracts of Dairy Management.

“Dairy Management” pushes cheese to consumers

Now back to that fatty pizza my co-worker served up for lunch. Dairy Management has made cheese its cause, says Saturday’s NY Times article by Michael Moss. The federal government, primarily through Dairy Management, is on a mission to get dairy back into the American diet primarily through cheese, almost all of which is high fat.

Domino’s new high-fat pizzas

Domino’s Pizza had slumping sales last year. Dairy Management to the rescue. The organization teamed up with Domino’s to create a new line of pizzas with 40% more cheese. Who designed and paid for Domino’s $12 million ad campaign to promote these new pizzas? Dairy Management – funded in part by our tax dollars (via the USDA). The ad campaign worked, and Domino’s sales picked up. One of Domino’s pizzas, called the “Wisconsin,” has 6 cheeses on top and 2 more in the crust. One-quarter of a medium thin-crust Wisconsin has 12 grams of saturated fat, more than 3/4 of the recommended daily maximum.

Pizza Hut too

Dairy Management has been helping retailers and manufacturers since at least the 1990s, maybe earlier. Dairy Management developed “The Summer of Cheese” promotion with Pizza Hut in 2002. That campaign generated the use of 102 million additional pounds of cheese, says the NY Times article. So I can thank Dairy Management for my co-worker’s aforementioned fatty pizza.

Dairy cow waiting to be milked. Photo: Sally Kneidel

USDA: what is their real agenda?

It’s disturbing to have a government organization promoting food that’s known to be unhealthy, although that’s been going on for decades. It’s equally disturbing to know that we’re now paying for two government campaigns within the same agency whose goals are completely contradictory.

NY Times article cited:
Michael Moss. November 6, 2010. “While warning about fat, the U.S. pushes cheese sales.” The New York Times

My latest post about the dairy industry:
New studies: cancer linked to milk consumption

Key words: dairy cheese milk USDA pizza Dairy Management

Posted in Dairy, Farming, Food, Food, Going Green (co-authored with Sadie Kneidel), Health, Livestock, Sustainable Living, Veggie Revolution (co-authored with Sadie Kneidel) Tagged with: , , , , , , ,

Review of “The Cove,” an A+ documentary of Japan’s dolphin slaughter

Posted on by Sally Kneidel
Ric O’Barry, star of “The Cove”

Crazy
I heard Bruce Springsteen say once that the people we remember are the people who care enough to be crazy.  I thought about that when I saw the Oscar-winning documentary “The Cove.”  It’s the story of one man’s passionate commitment to protecting dolphins, his willingness to sacrifice even his life for his cause.  The film is also about Japan’s indifferent and systematic slaughter of dolphins, but what sets it apart is the tale of Ric O’Barry.

The 2009 movie rivals any espionage thriller for suspense and intrigue. The setting is the Japanese coastal town of Taiji, where local fishermen carry out a secretive and brutal daily dolphin round-up that O’Barry finally manages to catch on film.

Former “Flipper” trainer
As we learn during the movie, O’Barry is a former dolphin trainer. In the 1960s he helped catch and train the wild dolphins that shared the starring role in the popular television series “Flipper.” The show spawned a worldwide fascination with dolphins, leading to a proliferation of marine parks that feature dolphin performances and opportunities to “swim with the dolphins.”

Trained dolphins performing at a marine park

In the documentary, O’Barry relates a personal experience that completely changed his perspective on keeping dolphins in captivity – he believes that a dolphin he was training committed suicide in his arms by refusing to open her blowhole to breathe. The experience affected him so profoundly that his life’s mission is now to protect the animals he once captured.

“Dolphin drive hunting”
On the coast of Taiji, Japan, where the action takes place, dolphins are driven by nets and small boats into a cove each morning before dawn, a process known as “dolphin drive hunting.” In the cove, the “best” dolphins are selected and captured for sale to marine parks, a major source of income for the village. The rejected dolphins, including the very young, are killed by knives and spears from the small boats, then are hauled aboard the boats and taken ashore to be butchered for meat.

a dolphin drive hunt

When O’Barry and his co-workers (including members of the Oceanic Preservation Society) try to film the carnage in the cove, they are chased by hostile villagers and by local police. Not to be deterred, O’Barry and cohorts make fake rocks to conceal their cameras, which are then strategically placed on the shore. With the hidden cameras, they obtain plenty of footage of the daily drive and subsequent massacre. At the end of the documentary, O’Barry strolls around a meeting of the International Whaling Commission carrying a small flat-screen TV showing footage of the Taiji dolphin slaughter. Before long, he’s ousted from the room.

Toxic to school children
At the time of the filming, the dolphins’ flesh was served to children in the local schools of Taiji or was sold in Taiji supermarkets, but it was labeled as something else. As revealed in the film, dolphin flesh is dangerously high in mercury because dolphins eat fairly high on the food chain. Which means they ingest the mercury already eaten by the fish that they eat – thus concentrating the mercury in the dolphins’ flesh. (Mercury gets into water from the airborne emissions of fossil-fuel-burning power stations.)

dolphin meat in supermarkets

As a result of O’Barry’s and the other activists’ efforts, dolphin meat is removed from local school lunches. And in the 2009 dolphin season in Taiji, at least some of the rejected dolphins were released rather than slaughtered. But I learned from this documentary that whaling (including dolphins) is a long-held cultural tradition in Japan, and the Japanese have a deep-seated reluctance to let it go. They won’t readily concede their right to harvest cetaceans, regardless of who’s exerting the pressure and regardless of conservation statistics. If they are indeed so wedded to their traditions, then their resistance to international whale-protection measures is a little easier to comprehend. Not easier to accept, but easier to understand. Still…..where does that leave conservationists? Or cetaceans? Who will care about cultural traditions when species disappear?

Bravo, O’Barry
I recommend “The Cove” to anyone who cares about the future of the planet’s wildlife, especially marine-biology aficionados.  Or to anyone who likes a good story of dogged determination, and ingenuity in resolving obstacles.  Hats off to Ric O’Barry.

Btw, the film is available from Netflix, and got a 96% rating on rottentomatoes.com.

Get involved….
If you’d like to help Ric’s cause, go to this website about the movie and the plight of the dolphins.

For more info… go to Whalewatch, the Oceanic Preservation Society, the High North Alliance or the International Whaling Commission.

Key words: dolphins Japan Taiji The Cove Ric O’Barry Flipper dolphin slaughter marine biology endangered species cetaceans whales

Posted in Animal welfare / animal rights, Cancer, Film review, Food, Going Green (co-authored with Sadie Kneidel), Going Green: A Wise Consumer's Guide to a Shrinking Planet, Health, Health effects of eating meat, Japan, Marine mammals, Southeast Asia, Wildlife, Wildlife survival Tagged with: , , , , , , ,

“The Yoga of Eating” by Charles Eisenstein: A Book Review

Posted on by Sally Kneidel

Readers, the following is a guest post submitted to me by freelance writer Robin Merrill

Greetings fellow revolutionaries! It is my pleasure to tell you about a book I’ve just discovered – The Yoga of Eating. At first I found, as you might find, this to be a bizarre title. I thought of yoga as a meditation for the body, a way of stretching and exercising for holistic health. I didn’t understand how one was supposed to stretch while eating.

How is yoga related to eating?

So, I did what all good readers do: I looked it up. If we define yoga as training our consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility, then it starts to make sense. And that’s what this book has done for me, more than most any book I’ve ever read: it makes sense. Perfect, conscionable, rational, peaceful sense. And you’re hearing from a woman who has read approximately a trillion diet books.

I’ve listened to every expert there is and tried every variety of diet, including raw vegan. I’ve watched the television programs, listened to the podcasts, visited the websites, and scoured the books for the words that would lead me back to the vitality I enjoyed when I was younger.

The best expert is your own body

But I never listened to me. I never asked the best expert there is on my body: my body. She is the expert, according to Charles Eisenstein. If I will just listen to her, I will know when I am thirsty. She will tell me when I am hungry. And if I give her a chance, she will tell me when I am not hungry. She will tell me when to sleep, and when I need to go for a walk. She will tell me to trust her.

According to Eisenstein, current western culture pushes us toward a powerful and dangerous mistrust of the body. We are told that our bodies are our enemies, that they are breaking down, that our bodies need to be controlled and managed by medicines and treadmills. But this isn’t true. Now that I’ve started listening to my body, I’ve found that she’s pretty smart.

The weight your body wants to be

This is not a diet book, but if an overweight person employs the principles from this book, I don’t see how it’s possible that they would not begin a journey toward a healthy and balanced weight. Not necessarily high school cheerleader weight – not necessarily doctor’s office chart weight – not necessarily supermodel weight, but a healthy and balanced weight, which is the weight your body really wants to be.

Food has karma

Eisenstein’s book looks at topics such as the karma of food, how every bite we take affects the universe. He discusses sugar vs. artificial sweeteners, vitamin supplements, and the karma of processing our foods. (Processed people consume processed foods. This is a balance we’ve either created or fallen into by accident. If we want to consume fewer processed foods, we need be less processed ourselves … I write this as my cell phone vibrates for my attention.)

The book also features a beautiful, poetic, and inspiring chapter on the yoga of cooking. Cooking can be a form of worship, instead of a chore?

We should listen to our cravings

He talks about distinguishing appetites from cravings, and how both have their value. If we listen to our cravings, we might be able to discern what it is we really need. We are doing ourselves a disservice by squashing our cravings, by insisting that they are evil, when they are only trying to speak the truth.

It took me weeks to read this book, as I had to keep searching for a highlighter or pencil. It will be one of the books that spends the rest of my life on my headboard. I plan to read it over and over. I believe it is a necessary book. I am not a person who finds it easy to love herself. I am a person who finds it easy to judge herself harshly and punish herself. Eisenstein writes, “self-rejection increases the need for external nurturance all the more.” By punishing myself all these years, I’ve only increased my need for comfort food.

I heartily recommend this book to anyone who eats, and I especially recommend it to anyone who has struggled with eating, struggled against nourishment in pursuit of some cultural ideal. This book has changed my life and has allowed me to, at the age of thirty-three, get to know myself. Turns out I’m not so bad after all. Neither is food. Food is just food.

Robin Merrill is a freelance writer who can usually be found writing about jobs in criminal justice.

Key words: Robin Merrill Yoga of Eating Charles Eisenstein healthy eating diet weight loss

Posted in Food, Health Tagged with: ,

9 Foods that are good for the brain – including chocolate!

Posted on by Sally Kneidel
Foods good for the brain include the pictured items: tomatoes, green tea, walnuts, broccoli, and coffee. Photo: Sally Kneidel

Readers, this is a guest post from writer Cindy Cullen. Find more info about Cindy plus her email address at the end of this post. From Cindy:

Mental health is just as important as physical wellbeing, and while aging takes a toll on our bodies and minds, we can make choices to keep ourselves in prime condition. Using our minds on challenging tasks can help keep them alert and active. To augment and enhance this process, we can choose foods that are known to boost brain health at any age. Below are some of the tastiest and most effective “brain foods”!

Nuts:

It’s uncanny that the walnut nut is shaped so much like the human brain, because it actually does pack a pretty punch in terms of brain power. With its high level of essential fats, protein, B6 and E vitamins, walnuts help in keeping your brain sharp and alert. Other nuts like almonds, hazel nuts and cashews are also good sources of complex carbohydrate energy, if they’re not salted or fried.

Seeds:

If you’re looking for a protein-rich brain snack, get your hands on some flaxseed – it’s high in DHA, an omega 3 fatty acid that is essential for the good health of your brain and nervous system. You could also choose to munch on sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds and sesame seeds because they’re rich in Vitamin E, magnesium, zinc, antioxidants, protein, and the good kind of fat.

Berries:

If you love berries, then your brain is in good hands – go for the brightly colored ones because they’re rich in antioxidants, especially blueberries, blackberries and acai berries. Blueberry extract has been proven to improve short term memory loss and blackberries are rich sources of Vitamin C. Acai berries, while hard to procure, are one of the best sources of antioxidants and are also rich in the essential fatty acids that boost brain health.

Coffee:

Your mornings just got that extra boost – a cup of coffee is a great energizer, not just of the body, but also of the mind. It’s rich in antioxidants, amino acids (the building blocks of protein), vitamins and minerals and has been proven to reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other mental illnesses. Just go easy on the sugar and restrict yourself to a few cups a day to avoid weight gain and mood swings.

Chocolate:

Now before you go rushing out to buy that sugar-filled bar of chocolate, let me tell you that it’s the cacao in chocolate that’s beneficial to brain health. It has high levels of antioxidants which help protect your brain from free-radical damage. So if you must indulge your sweet tooth, go in for dark chocolate with the least amount of sugar and the most amount of cacao, or better yet, choose a cacao-based drink that’s free of sugar.

Avocado:

Not all fats are bad, as the avocado demonstrates – it’s rich in protein and loaded with healthy fat. An avocado every week is enough to keep your brain healthy for the rest of your life.

Tomatoes:

These brightly colored, squishy fruits (or vegetable?) are not just delicious, they’re also chock-full of lycopene, a substance that is rich in antioxidants and negates the effects of free radicals on your brain. To get the most out of tomatoes, cook them or eat them as sauces, in addition to including them raw in salads. Or drink them as juices.

Green Tea:

If you’re looking for a hot or warm drink that’s soothing and which protects your brain, look no further than green tea. It’s rich in antioxidants and it’s a great way to refresh your body and mind.

Broccoli:

Now there’s a dreaded vegetable; however, before you banish the broccoli from your plate, think of the benefits it has to offer you – vitamins B5, B6, B2, and C, betacarotene, iron, calcium and folate. It’s literally a whole meal by itself, so include it in your salad or eat it half-cooked as a vegetable dish.

So go ahead, give your brain a boost with these foods; when your brain is healthy, your overall wellbeing improves by miles.

This guest post is contributed by Cindy Cullen; she writes on the topic of culinary art colleges. She welcomes your comments by email at cindycullen84@gmail.com. You can also, of course, post comments on this website.

Key words: brain health brain food antioxidants omega 3 fatty acids lycopene tomatoes coffee green tea walnuts broccoli berries avocado chocolate

Posted in Alternative medicine, Food, Wildlife Tagged with: , ,

Vitamin D: recommendations increased to 1500-2000 IU per day…..for bone health and more

Posted on by Sally Kneidel

Our Science News arrived in the mail today with an interesting article about vitamin D. It says adults should take 1500 to 2000 IU of vitamin D every day – a big increase over the earlier standard recommendation of 400 IU per day.  Below is the Science News page with the news. Or click here to see it online.

The new Science News article about Dr. Holick's research on vitamin D dosage and bone health

This new advice comes from Michael Holick, a biochemist and endocrinologist at Boston University.  He’s spent his career researching the effects of vitamin D (which is actually not a vitamin but a hormone precursor).

Dr. Michael Holick, vitamin D researcher at BU

My own doctor told me

A year ago, my personal physician told me to start taking 1000 IU daily of vitamin D, after my blood levels tested too low (19.4).  She told me vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, which is of course important for maintaining bone density.  But after taking 1000 IU every day for a year, I had my blood tested this month, and my vitamin D was just barely within the desired range of 32-100, just  36.4.  I was disappointed. My doc said I needed to shoot for the middle of the 32-100 range.

So I asked my pharmacist…

I asked my pharmacist about it and he said the recommended dose is now 1500 to 2000 IU.  He already knew that – in advance of the new Science News. So I bought a “pill splitter” for $2.17 and now Ken and I are both taking 1500 IU of vitamin D per day.

On the left, our $2.17 pill splitter so we can cut 1000 IU tablets in half and take 1500 IU per day. The bottle of vitamin D on the right is $2.54 for 100 tablets.

More benefits? “Absolutely”

Are there other benefits of vitamin D in addition to increasing calcium absorption?  Absolutely, says Dr. Holick of Boston University (the Science News article).  He says that in a trial of postmenopausal women, taking vitamin D over 4 years reduced their risk of cancer by 60%.

The Science News article also says that vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased risks of infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, heart disease, cognitive decline, Parkinson’s disease, asthma, mood disorders and diabetes. Dr. Holick says a Japanese study found that children receiving 1,200 IU of vitamin D per day reduced their risk of getting the flu by almost 50%.

That’s all great. I mainly just want to keep my bones healthy. I can’t bask in the sun to generate enough vitamin D; I’m too fair-skinned – I get burned and have had a couple of skin cancers already. Anyway, Ken read today that if you live north of Georgia in the U.S., there is no way you can get enough vitamin D in winter just from exposure to sunlight.  And we do live north of Georgia.

Look around for an inexpensive brand – the price varies tremendously

So we’re taking the 1500 IU per day of vitamin D, and hoping for the best.

Btw, I learned that my local pharmacist keeps an off-brand behind the counter that’s much cheaper than the vitamin D brands on his display shelves.  But I have to specifically ask for it, since it’s out of sight.  The bottle in the photo is the one behind the counter – it’s $2.54 for 100 tablets. That’s a very good price. (The brand is “Major”, manufactured by “Major Pharmaceuticals”.)

To read the entire interview in Science News with Dr. Holick, click here.

Key words: vitamin D recommended dose bone density bone health vitamin D benefits Michael Hollick

Posted in Alternative medicine, Food, Health, Pharmaceuticals Tagged with: , , ,

New studies: Cancer linked to milk consumption

Posted on by Sally Kneidel

My mom was a meat, eggs, and milk gal.  To her way of thinking, animal protein was the key to good health.  Breakfast was bacon, eggs, and milk, period.  If my brothers and I were running late for school with no time to eat, she made us gulp down a blend of raw eggs and milk.  I loathed that “yellow milk.”

Things have changed since then. My parents both died of cancer and my own children are in their twenties.  When my two kids were teenagers, we gave up meat as a family and later gave up eggs and cartons of dairy milk – for  environmental, humane, and health considerations.

Cheese was harder

For a while I continued to rationalize eating cheese and ice cream. I told myself it was okay because the cows weren’t killed, they were just milked. But while researching and writing our book Veggie Revolution, my daughter Sadie and I learned the truth about dairy cows.  It’s not a pretty picture – in terms of the planet, the cows, or our health.

A dairy cow at a milking machine. Photo: Sally Kneidel

Humane considerations: “A cow is just a milk factory” he said with a smirk

A dairy scientist we interviewed at N.C. State University told us, “A dairy cow is just a milk factory.  There’s not much quality of life.” He’s right. Modern dairy cows are among the most exploited of all factory-farmed livestock. In order to offer milk at competitive prices in supermarkets, dairymen today push the cows to their physiological limits to produce as much milk as their bovine bodies possibly can. Whereas cows 100 years ago could produce milk for a farmer’s family for 10 to 12 years, the typical dairy cow nowadays burns out after only 3 years of milking. She wears out for four reasons: 1) she’s pregnant for nine months every year, 2) she’s milked for 10 months every year, in spite of being pregnant, 3) most dairy cows are given injections of the hormone BST (also called BGH) to maximize milk production, and 4) her leg joints give out from standing on concrete while she’s heavy with pregnancy and a full udder.

So when she loses her ability to walk, or fails to become pregnant, or her milk production drops too low, she’s “culled from the herd” and slaughtered. Her meat is sold for low-quality packaged beef products such as potted meat or beef hot-dogs.About 30% of the herd at a conventional dairy is “culled” every year.

Veal is the male calves of dairy cows

Eating dairy products is not more humane than eating beef. Beef cattle spend 5 or 6 comfortable months with their mothers at pasture before heading to the factory-like feedlot to be fattened for slaughter.  Whereas, male calves of dairy cows are often kept tethered and immobile beginning 24 hours from birth, to be sold in a few months as veal. (Veal is muscles that have had no exercise whatsoever; the meat is pale and tender as a result.) The female calves of dairy cows become impregnated at about 1.5 years of age and go “on the milk string” by their 2nd birthday. Calves of both genders are separated from their mothers after 24 hours so the mother’s milk can be sold to humans.

Dairy cows waiting to be milked. Photo: Sally Kneidel

Environmental issues: Dairy cows win the poop contest

Dairy cows make a lot of waste. One beef steer makes 50-60 lbs of waste per day, but each dairy cow makes about 120 lbs per day, because they’re older and bigger. (Beef cattle are slaughtered before or near their first birthday.) Some dairies these days have as many as 1000 dairy cows.Their waste is flushed into open-air lagoons, which can be 25 feet deep and as large as several football fields.These lagoons can spill over during storms, can crack and leak into groundwater. Nitrate contamination of ground and surface waters (and wells) near  livestock-waste lagoons is commonplace and is even legally allowed up to certain limits,  although nitrates are toxic for human consumption.  Nitrates and phosphates also cause eutrophication of streams and lakes downhill from the lagoons, which means the nutrients fuel algal blooms that subsequently suck all the oxygen out of the water, suffocating fish and aquatic invertebrates.

51% of greenhouse gases are from livestock

In addition to the waste issue is the fact that the livestock sector worldwide generates 51% of all greenhouse gases – that includes methane from manure, CO2 from the burning of forests to raise livestock feed or to graze the animals, CO2 from the transport of feed or refrigerated animal products, etc. (That figure is from a recent analysis by World Bank scientists, “Livestock and Climate Change,” published by Worldwatch institute.)

Hormones, milk, and cancer

The link between cancer and dietary hormones, especially estrogen, is a major source of concern among scientists. According to Harvard scientist Ganmaa Davaasambuu, a number of studies have correlated the consumption of milk and cheese with higher rates of hormone-dependent cancers (breast, testicular, prostate). Milk from a pregnant cow contains up to 33 times more estrogen and 10 times more progesterone than milk from a non-pregnant cow.  In nomadic societies like Mongolia, where cows are milked only 5-6 months per year, the hormone content of milk is relatively low. The Western practice of keeping cows confined in large numbers and milking them 10 months per year is relatively recent.

Science News article on milk, hormones, and cancer. Photo: Sally Kneidel

Male hormones (androgens) in cows’ milk are cause for concern too. In a recent report in Science News, physician F. W. Danby from Dartmouth Medical School said that certain androgens in cows’ milk have the capacity for increasing the number of estrogen receptors in the human body. Extra receptors allow more estrogen – including any from milk – to affect cellular machinery that can turn tumor growth on.  Hormones in cows’ milk “are being poured into a system that didn’t anticipate them,” said Danby, and can’t eliminate them effectively.

The same Science News report goes on to say, “One of the most provocative aspects of the milk story is its impact on insulinlike growth factor 1. Many studies have linked elevated concentrations of IGF-1 with cancer risk. Not only is milk a rich source of the substance, but people who drink milk also end up with more IGF-1 in their blood.”  Incidentally, I read in another article today that cows injected with BST have more IGF-1 in their milk. Since the year 2000, BST has been banned in Canada, the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand. But it’s still legal and widely used here in the US.  National Dairy Council lobbyists can be thanked for that.

Do we need cows’ milk for good health?

The Science News article concludes with a comment on milk from oncologist Michael Pollak of McGill University:  “Because the body of knowledge about this beverage’s human bioactivity is still in its infancy, people may just have to employ the precautionary principle. In the absence of definitive [safety] data—or the presence of an adverse effect which may be small—you have to decide: Is there anything good about milk? And other than developing children and malnourished adults, people probably don’t need milk.”

No indeed. Calcium and protein are both easily available from plenty of plant-based sources.

Great-tasting nutritious alternatives to dairy products at our house. Photo: Sally Kneidel

I like vegan cheese

And, yes, we’ve given up dairy cheese. We found some good plant-based cheese we like at Trader Joe’s. There’s really no excuse anymore for me. Six years ago, a woman who works for PETA said to me, on the subject of going vegan: “It’s not that hard.”  What she said was so simple, but it stuck with me. No, it really isn’t that hard. And as a person who loves animals, who frets endlessly about our planet, and who wants to stay alive as long as possible….it’s one of those small things that I can do, that anyone can do, and if everyone did it, the impact would be huge.

Key words: dairy cancer factory farms livestock and climate change dairy cows dairy waste veal calves

Sources:

Janet Raloff. “Scientists find a soup of suspects while probing milk’s link to cancer“.  Science News. 2009.

Robert Goodland and Jeff Anhang. ” Livestock and Climate Change.”  Worldwatch Magazine. Nov-Dec 2009.

Corydon Ireland. “Hormones in milk can be dangerous.” Harvard University Gazette.

Posted in Agriculture, Animal welfare / animal rights, Cancer, Climate change, Dairy, Deforestation, Environmental pollution, Food, Food, Health, Livestock, Sustainable choices for your home, Veggie Revolution (co-authored with Sadie Kneidel) Tagged with: , , , , , ,

Review of new food film: “What’s on YOUR Plate?”

Posted on by Sally Kneidel

This post now on Google News and on the syndicated BasilandSpice.com

Two young girls lead the way

I was asked to review the new DVD, “What’s on YOUR Plate? The Film about Kids and Food Politics”. The stars of the movie are two 11-year-old multiracial girls in NYC, Sadie Hope-Gund and Safiyah Riddle. The film documents the girls’ quest to learn why American diets are often so unhealthy, and why our food travels an average of 1500 miles from farm to fork. Sadie and Safiyah were fantastic in their roles as curious young consumers. They were bright, confident, and completely natural in front of the camera. Great role models for other young girls, who will feel empowered by watching the two in action.

Sadie and Safiyah interviewed a variety of relevant experts: NYC school food executives, an MD specializing in cholesterol management, food author and activist Anna Lappé, a food-conscious diabetic, and Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer. That was just for starters.

After investigating school lunches laden with with fat and empty calories, and the corporate origins of processed foods that fill our supermarkets, Sadie and Safiyah turned their focus to healthy alternatives.

I loved the diversity of local food providers in the film

For me, the exploration of solutions was the most interesting aspect of the movie. I admired the filmmakers’ selection of people to represent the local-foods movement in NYC. Three who stood out for me were Maritza Owens of Harvest Home Farmers Markets in Harlem, a Spanish-speaking family of farmers (the Angels) in Goshen, NY, and the founders of Stanton Street CSA (Kevin Walter and Sasha Schulman). A CSA is an agreement that allows consumers to prepay a local farmer for an annual share of his or her produce. All of these people were involved in getting locally-grown produce directly to consumers in NYC. At least some of the produce was organic; it wasn’t clear to me whether all of it was.

Organic okra in October. Photo by Sally Kneidel

Ninety percent of farmers need second jobs to support their families

So the movie in a very visceral way illustrated how to seek out and support local farmers and local vendors who provide healthy fresh vegetables.  Most such people are barely making ends meet and desperately need community support, so the movie is valuable if it accomplishes nothing more than encouraging support of local farmers.  I also appreciated the variety of cultures represented in the film, and the discussions about neighborhoods and demographic groups with little access to fresh produce.  The girls’ interview with the Manhattan Borough President addressed that problem specifically.

An excellent resource for families and educators

I was impressed with the movie and I applaud the efforts of everyone involved.  I highly recommend it for families with children and as a tool for educators, especially educators of young people.  In fact, the website of the film’s distributor offers a 64-page curriculum and 3 study modules that go along with the DVD, entitled School Food, Health and Access, and Local Food.

Although I liked it, I wouldn’t necessarily advise an adult foodie who’s already knowledgeable about farmers markets and CSAs to seek out the film.  And it’s not a movie I would have chosen to watch purely for my own enjoyment or for information about food.   However, as a food writer with fantasies about making a documentary, I might watch it again as an example of an extremely well-executed film about food. Sadie’s mother, Catherine Gund, produced the movie and her expertise as a professional filmmaker was evident.  There was not a dull moment, and I can easily imagine a class of 8th graders or 11th graders riveted to the screen during the entire film.

Wish it had mentioned the ominous impacts of livestock

As long as we’re examining “what’s on our plates”, I was a tad disappointed that the  documentary didn’t address the merits of organic food more forcefully, and didn’t mention the fact that Americans eat much more meat per capita than any other country.  Our over-consumption of animal products has implications far beyond our health.  The livestock sector has a huge impact on global warming – a fact well-documented by scientists worldwide. A recent paper published by Worldwatch Institute attributes more than 50% of greenhouse gases to the livestock sector.   Although the film didn’t get into environmental issues much, it could easily have incorporated both these issues in relation to health – especially given that both girls are vegetarians.

Hogs for a popular sausage brand, raised in a NC factory farm. Photo by Sally Kneidel

Despite omissions, the film is a powerful tool

There are advantages though to covering a few topics well rather than touching on everything.  No question that Sadie and Safiyah covered a few topics with pizzazz and aplomb.  “What’s on YOUR Plate?” invites young viewers to boldly seek answers about their own school food and demand access to healthy produce.  We all deserve fresh, local, and wholesome  food.

My books about how our food choices affect our health and the environment:

Sally and Sadie Kneidel. 2005.  Veggie Revolution: Smart Choices for a Healthy Body and a Healthy Planet. Fulcrum Publishing.

Sally and Sadie Kneidel. 2008.  Going Green: A Wise Consumer’s Guide to a Shrinking Planet. Fulcrum Publishing.

Some of my previous posts about the effect of diet on health and the environment:

“Livestock account for 51% of annual worldwide greenhouse gas emissions”

“New study: meat impacts climate more than buying local”

“Less meat….smaller footprint”

“Is local food the greenest choice?  New study says no”

“Earth Day: 3 things you can do”

“An apple? Bran muffin? or cold cereal?  Top ten sources of easy fiber”

“10 hot tips for a green and energy-efficient holiday.”

“Obama to fight consolidation of farms: good news for small farms and consumers”

“Smithfield blamed for swine flu by Mexican press”

“The virus is a swine flu and has its roots in North Carolina, the land of Smithfield”

“Tyson and Smithfield drooling over untapped profits abroad”

“Working in a turkey insemination factory”

“A tasty vegan meat substitute: Tofurkey kielbasa”

Key words: DVD documentary movie film review What’s on your Plate Sadie Safiyah CSA farmers markets local food NYC Maritza Owens Stanton Street CSA Catherine Gund organic livestock sector Worldwatch

Posted in Agriculture, Climate change, Farming, Film review, Food, Gardening, Going Green (co-authored with Sadie Kneidel), Health, Health effects of eating meat, High fat foods, Livestock, Organic, Veggie Revolution (co-authored with Sadie Kneidel) Tagged with: , , , ,

Why use toilet paper? No need to flush our forests

Posted on by Sally Kneidel

This post now on the syndicated BasilandSpice and on Google News

Toilet with personal sprayer instead of toilet paper. Photo by Sally Kneidel

We’re facing mass wildlife extinctions this century.  One big reason: the human population explosion and resulting habitat loss.

You might be surprised to learn how our personal hygiene choices affect wildlife-habitat loss.  Yes, I mean toilet paper.  Toilet paper and you.

Americans flush 54 million trees per year. We’re #1!

According to the WWF, almost 270,000 trees are either flushed or wind up in landfills every single day.  About 10% of that total is toilet paper.  Since Americans lead the pack in resource consumption, it’s no surprise that we also use more toilet paper than anyone else.  In 2005, North American consumption of toilet paper was 23 kg per capita – 6 times more than the world average of 3.8 kg per capita. Africa had the lowest use in 2005, at 0.4 kg per capita.

Trees on their way to pulp mills or sawmills. Photo by Sally Kneidel

Boreal forests are the new targets

Trees of the Amazon, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Northwest and the southeastern US have been targeted by the pulp and timber industry for decades, but now the boreal forests of Russia, Alaska, Canada, and Scandinavia face the growing threat of chainsaws. According to an online magazine World Science, these boreal forests are 1/3 of the world’s remaining forested area and 1/3 of the world’s stored carbon. Yet the NGO ForestEthics reports that Canada’s old-growth and intact forests are being logged at a rate of 5 acres/minute, 24/7.

China plans to drape itself in tree plantations for paper

North America’s rate of toilet-paper consumption is stable, but the rate is increasing almost everywhere else, as developing countries aspire to Western ways. Between 1990 and 2003, China’s consumption of toilet paper grew by 11%.  China is projected to become the fastest-growing consumer of all paper products, including toilet paper, and will soon lead the world in paper production as well.  Unfortunately most of China’s future paper will come from tree plantations. I say unfortunately because tree plantations are generally non-native monocultures, managed with pesticides and consequently devoid of other plants and wildlife. They are biodiversity deserts. China’s “Great Green Wall” initiative aims to blanket the country with tree plantations, covering 42% of China’s landmass by the year 2050 with tree species that will produce usable fibers.  Many of those trees will be planted in semi-deserts where they will deplete already-dwindling water supplies.

Great choice for toilet paper, 90% post-consumer recycled. Photo by Sally Kneidel

Solution #1:  Post-consumer-recycled paper

Toilet paper can easily be made from at least 90% post-consumer recycled paper.  Most companies just don’t bother to do it, apparently.  Kimberley-Clark is the largest tissue manufacturer in the world. Their products are sold in 150 countries and their tissue is used by almost 20% of the world’s population every day.  With so large a market, KC could save a great many forest habitats by making their products with recycled paper. Yet, according to Worldwatch Institute, Kimberley-Clark claims there is no advantage to using recycled paper.  And so their tissue is made from virgin wood fibers.  KC is not alone. There is little effort among toilet paper companies to change consumer preferences to more forest-friendly products.

Still, consumers can buy toilet paper made from recycled paper.  Marcal makes tissue from recycled office paper, magazines and paper from residential recycle bins.  Tim Spring, CEO of Marcal, says “Sixty percent of all paper ends up in landfills….We throw away enough paper to make toilet paper for a lifetime.”  According to Marcal’s website, the company has saved 22 million trees since 2000 by using recycled paper.

My local supermarket does not carry Marcal.  They do however carry toilet tissue called “Green Forest” manufactured by Planet Inc., in Victoria, B.C., Canada.  The package says that it is “Minimum 90% post-consumer recycled content.”   If you’re looking for recycled, the words “post-consumer” are important.  Because manufacturers can and do claim “recycled” when all they’ve done is trim the uneven ends off their newly manufactured paper and throw the ends back into the vat of wood pulp to be stirred up and rolled flat again. Whereas “post-consumer recycled” (PCR) means that the paper was previously used by a consumer, as office paper or newspaper or whatever.  (Toilet paper is the only paper that cannot be recycled, after use, into new paper.)

Great online guide to forest-friendly toilet paper

The Natural Resources Defense Council has a great Shopper’s Guide to Home Tissue Products that lists the percent post-consumer-recycled content of 10 to 19 brands in each category of home tissues (toilet paper, paper towels, napkins, facial tissues) and recommends which brands to avoid altogether (Charmin, Cottonelle, Kleenex, Puffs, Bounty, Viva).  Very useful. I was interested to see that Green Forest is actually the best.  The next-best brands of toilet paper listed are 80% PCR.  And since we use Green Forest in my home (90% PCR), I can vouch that it’s as soft and good as any other brand I’m familiar with.

Solution #2:   We learned in Asia that water works better than paper!

During the time I spent recently in two mostly Muslim countries in Southeast Asia, I was intrigued by the cultural reliance on water instead of toilet paper for personal cleaning.  My husband and I were perplexed at first when we found that almost every bathroom we encountered in Malaysia and Indonesia had a bucket with a water scoop in it, often positioned under a faucet.

Bucket with scoop under a faucet, Indonesia bathroom. Photo by Sally Kneidel

I’m still not sure exactly how the buckets and scoops are used, but it has to do with hygiene requirements of Islam. We didn’t use the buckets, as we’re not Muslim.

But most Southeast Asian bathrooms also had a hose coming out of the wall next to the toilet, even if the toilet was the kind where you have to squat over a porcelain hole in the floor.

Toilet with a personal sprayer, no paper, at a Singapore restaurant. Photo by Sally Kneidel

Sometimes the hose had a simple nozzle or a nozzle with a squeeze handle similar to those many Americans have at their kitchen sink.  (Photo at top of post shows squeeze handle.)

Toilet with hose and simple nozzle in Malaysia. Photo by Sally Kneidel

Bathrooms with hoses generally did not have paper of any kind.  It’s customary to use the hose and sprayer instead.  After a few weeks, we came to prefer the sprayer to paper.  Later, in Tokyo, we saw the ultimate technology in the use of water for personal cleaning – the “Washlet.”  The toilet itself squirts a stream of clean water on the user (from a small nozzle just under the back rim of the bowl)  and has a blow-drying system as well!

Sign indicating a Washlet inside, on a Tokyo bathroom door. Photo by Sally Kneidel

If only the whole world would use water….

Ecologically, using water is a great solution. According to a quotation in the Worldwatch document cited below, the production of each roll of toilet paper uses 37 gallons (140 liters) of water. The average American uses 57 sheets of toilet paper per day, which requires 3.7 gallons of water just for the manufacturing process.  Compare this to 0.03 gallons (0.01 liter) per use of the Japanese Washlet.   Various hand-held squirt devices are estimated to use from 0.2 to 0.5 liters per toilet visit.

But even if, hypothetically, the squirting-water methods used the same amount of water as the manufacturing of toilet paper, they still don’t require the harvesting of trees.  And the harvesting of trees at a non-renewable rate is the big problem with our reliance on toilet paper.  The overharvesting of trees, or deforestation, is destroying wildlife habitats at an unprecedented rate.  We’ve got to stop it within just the next couple of decades, before it’s too late for tigers and orangutans and all the other wild and wonderful critters on this planet.

Squirting devices are hygienic too

Personal washing devices are not only more forest-friendly, they’re also promoted as hygienic improvements over the rags, leaves, corn cobs, newspapers, and other items used in many developing countries – methods that often contribute to diarrhea and other health problems associated with poor sanitation.  The Worldwatch article cited below describes several water-squirters for bathroom hygiene that can be used in areas without plumbing, such as the Tjebbi – a portable plastic bottle.  It’s produced by Tjebok Health Care.

Nozzles please

We’re having some plumbing work done on a very old house we bought last spring. We plan to install in both bathrooms a hose and nozzle like the ones so prevalent in Southeast Asia.  Maybe we’ll stop consumption of home tissues (toilet paper, paper towels, paper napkins, facial tissues) altogether.  I like that idea.

If we decide to keep some t.p. around for guests, we’ll use the 90% PCR brand (Green Forest) our local store carries.

To learn how you can encourage sustainable forestry practices, check out these NGOs:

Worldwatch Institute

Earth Pulp and Paper

ForestEthics

Natural Resources Defense Council

Greenpeace

Rainforest Action Network

Dogwood Alliance

A major source for this post, with lots more stats and information:

Noelle Robbins. “Flushing forests.” Worldwatch Institute.  June 2010.

A few of my previous posts about deforestation:

Plush toilet paper flushes old forests

Orangutans dwindle as Borneo, Sumatra converted to palm-oil plantations

Wild tigers are in trouble

Posted in Agriculture, Deforestation, Ecosystems, Endangered species, Indonesia, Malaysia, Overconsumption, Resources, Southeast Asia, Sustainable choices for your home, Sustainable Living, Wildlife, Wildlife habitat, Wildlife survival Tagged with: , , , , , , ,

Wild tigers are in trouble

Posted on by Sally Kneidel
This post now on Google News and on the syndicated BasilandSpice

Tiger hidden in a suitcase. Photo credit: Wildlife Checkpoint, Suvarnabhumi Airport

This past August 22, a hot story popped up in headlines around the world. A 2-month-old tiger cub was spotted by x-ray in a suitcase at a Bangkok airport. The tiger was drugged but alive, crammed among tiger toys and blue jeans in the suitcase. A 31-year-old Thai woman was arrested.

The drugged cub, awake but dopey, soon after removal from the suitcase. Photo credit: TRAFFIC the wildlife trade monitoring network

The story was riveting – would the cub die, impaired from the lack of oxygen or the drugs?

The revived cub. Photo credit: TRAFFIC the wildlife trade monitoring network

A couple of days later, the baby tiger was photographed looking alert and healthy. Apparently no permanent damage, other than loss of its mother and freedom.

But few of the articles I saw about the concealed tiger cub addressed the bigger picture. The smuggling of tigers or tiger body parts is not an isolated incident, or even a rare event. In fact, it happens daily on a massive scale. These operations are largely undercover. On September 15 in Ha Noi,Viet Nam, police uncovered a wildlife-bone trade network operated by a couple at their home. Nearly 900 kg (1,984 lbs) of animal bones from four different locations were confiscated.

The haul included 6 complete tiger skeletons and 6 skulls, 32 kg of additional tiger bones – even though it’s estimated that only 30 wild tigers remain in all of Viet Nam.

The confiscated bones in Ha Noi also included 3 clouded leopard skulls and 1 skeleton, 6 bear skulls and one stuffed bear head, in addition to 730 kg of other wildlife bones and dried wildlife body parts. What are all these bones for?

Very pricey “tiger-bone glue” is thought (erroneously) to improve virility

Tiger bones and other wildlife bones are boiled down by wildlife dealers to make “bone glue,” a popular traditional medicine, and one of the most expensive. According to traditional medicine guides, pure tiger bone glue is taken as a tonic to enhance masculinity, although in reality it has no medically demonstrable effect.

Wildlife and body parts altered to pass for more expensive species

Before a sale, various animal bones are often made to look like tiger bones by carving or grinding them. Even living leopards may be made to seem like tigers before sale. Their bodies may be pumped full of water and agar (doubling their weight) and they may be painted with black stripes. I would find it hard to believe that such a scheme could work, had I not seen, myself, primates painted different colors to resemble more expensive species, in the wildlife markets of Jakarta.

Tigers are on the brink

In 1900, the world had more than 100,000 tigers. Since then, humans have reduced that number to around 3200 in the wild. Some estimates are as low as 1500.  But even those numbers seem higher than they effectively are.  The 6 remaining tiger subspecies survive in numerous small populations – a population defined as individuals living in close enough proximity to interbreed.  These pockets are scattered over 13 countries. Altogether, the actual land space occupied by today’s wild tigers is only about 7% of the area they once covered.

It’s been estimated that none of the isolated wild tiger populations has more than 250 mature breeding individuals. A population that small can be negatively affected by inbreeding, or heavily impacted by a new disease vector or a change in local prey or habitat. When a population gets too small, it loses its resilience and can just collapse for any or all of these reasons. Who knows what that number is for tigers?  At 250, they’re no doubt approaching it.

The human threats to tigers

As tiger numbers have plummeted 97% over the last 110 years, the Javan, Bali, and Caspian tiger subspecies have gone extinct. During the same period (1900-2010), the human population has skyrocketed from 1.7 billion to 6.87 billion today. Humans are responsible for the drop in tiger numbers and the extinctions, by a variety of insults. The primary threats to tiger survival are habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, poaching, scarcity of prey, and retributive killing.

Habitat loss includes clearing of forests for timber, palm oil plantations, agriculture, livestock grazing, human settlements, as well as habitat fragmentation by roads and rapid development. Prey are scarce for the same reasons – loss of habitat and fragmentation of habitat, and poaching (for food or trade). Tigers are sometimes hunted and killed by frustrated farmers and livestock herders when the predators are blamed for livestock deaths. That’s retributive killing.

Poaching is a major source of tiger mortality

Tigers are shot, trapped, snared for lots of reasons: to be sold as prestigious skins for the homes of the rich and powerful, for the pet trade (especially as cubs), and largely to supply the illegal trade in tiger parts used for Chinese traditional medicines, such as the above-mentioned “bone glue.”  But bone glue is only one of many products containing tiger ingredients.  This is a huge problem in Asian countries where many people believe they can acquire the characteristics of the animals they eat.

The BBC’s Andrew Harding reported on a “penis emporium” in Beijing where a dish of “tiger penis hotpot” costs  $5,700 (USD). Supposedly, men order it to improve their virility, although Harding’s waitress at the emporium admitted to Harding that eating tiger penis has no effect on virility. Said the waitress, “People just like to order tiger to show off how much money they have.” When consumers will pay such prices for tiger parts, you can imagine the money that tiger poachers or dealers can make. Some poachers or dealers store their tiger corpses or tiger parts to sell in later years, when the animals have become even more rare and prices will be even higher. That sounds familiar. I heard the same thing about the endangered blue-fin tuna which is still overharvested – that some fish dealers are stockpiling the blue-fin in freezer vaults, for the day when the species is extinct, and prices will go through the roof. (See the documentary End of the Line for more info about this.)

Along the same theme, several conservationists in Southeast Asia told me during my recent stay there that the rarest birds and primates are the most targeted by poachers, because the rarest are the most prestigious possessions, are thus most coveted, and will command the highest price in the markets. Some trappers focus on an endangered species as the price escalates, until the animals are extinct or so rare it’s impossible to find them, then the poachers switch their attention to another rare species. In Southeast Asia, many local people will trap whatever they can catch, because they know that whatever it is, they can sell it at a nearby wildlife market – as food, a pet, a skin, medicine ingredient, etc.

More tigers as pets in the USA than there are wild tigers worldwide

In a poll by Animal Planet, tigers were voted the world’s most popular animal, followed (in order) by dogs, dolphins, horses, lions, snakes, elephants, chimpanzees, orangutans, and whales.Is this a factor in Asians’ willingness to pay exorbitant prices to eat tiger parts? Probably. It’s definitely a factor in a  bit of news I found shocking: the Association of Zoos and Aquariums estimates that up to 12,000 tigers are being kept as private pets in the United States, significantly more than the world’s entire wild population; 4,000 are believed to be in captivity in Texas alone.

Part of the reason for America’s enormous tiger population relates to legislation. Only nineteen states have banned private ownership of tigers, fifteen require only a license, and sixteen states have no regulations at all. Ouch! That’s another can of worms, which I won’t explore here, although I have prior posts on the widespread sale of exotic (foreign) wildlife within the U.S., and the extensive smuggling of monkeys, parrots, snakes, lizards, even chimpanzees across borders into the U.S. (See list below.)

Tigers need help!

Tigers are critically endangered, predicted by many to be extinct in the wild within 20 years, and protected by the CITES international treaty as well as by various federal regulations of the countries where they live and where their body parts are shipped to. But with international crime syndicates now involved in the highly profitable wildlife trade, and source countries’ wildlife departments sorely understaffed, tigers are freely poached from preserves where they are supposed to be entirely protected. Some tiger preserves have been completely drained of tigers by poachers. Tigers and tiger parts are shipped through airports where security personnel can often be paid off – I was told this myself repeatedly by wildlife dealers in Indonesia. Tigers and tiger parts are smuggled the same way drugs are: in the trunks of cars, in boats, in planes, in suitcases. When the Thai woman was caught with a tiger in her suitcase in August, we all thought, “What a nut! Who would try something so stupid?!” The fact is, anybody and everybody would, everyday. They would and they do. That’s why we have 3200 wild tigers left today, at the end of a century that began with more than 100,000.

What’s being done?

In this year, the Chinese Year of the Tiger, the first ever Global Tiger Summit will be held in St. Petersburg, Russia, from Nov. 21-24. At the Summit, Russia will host ministers and heads of state from the 13 countries that still have tiger populations to sign a declaration on joint cooperation for tiger conservation, and to initiate a global tiger recovery program which seeks to double the number of tigers by the year 2022, the next Chinese Year of the Tiger. That means increasing tiger numbers to 6,400 from the current historic low of 3,200.

What you can do

Stopping the deforestation and the poaching are two essential ingredients to helping these beloved animals rebound. Ways to help with that include:

  • support organizations that are working hard on the scene to stop deforestation in the countries where tigers live (such as Greenpeace)
  • support the organizations that are seeking enforcement of anti-poaching laws in Southeast Asia, and are seeking to have violators prosecuted (such as TRAFFIC: the wildlife trade monitoring network)
  • avoid buying products that contain palm oil
  • write your own legislators and ask them to do the same

See World Wildlife Fund’s page about the upcoming tiger summit for suggestions about what you personally can do to help protect the remaining wild tigers. One piece of good news is that tigers are prolific breeders, and given the needed resources, could actually rebound quickly.

A postscript

The 6 surviving tiger subspecies, in descending numbers, are the Bengal tiger, Indochinese tiger, Malayan tiger, Sumatran tiger, Siberian tiger, and South China tiger (not seen in the wild since 1987)

The 13 countries that still have wild tigers are all Asian: India (with the most), Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Russia, Nepal, and Bhutan.

My previous posts on Southeast Asia:

Orangutans dwindle as Borneo, Sumatra converted to palm-oil plantations August 3, 2010

My search for a wild orangutan in Borneo and Sumatra August 16, 2010

Laws flaunted: flourishing pet trade threatens orangutans’ survival August 23, 2010

Wildlife trade rivals drug trade in profits September 20, 2010

Some of my previous posts on exotic wildlife in the U.S. and animal smuggling:

Monkeys and parrots pouring from the jungle. September, 2008.

The U.S. imports 20,000 primates per year. February, 2010

The great apes are losing ground. March, 2010

Keywords: tigers extinction Global Tiger Summit Russia tiger bones Ha Noi Viet Nam penis emporium wildlife trade tiger glue wildlife body parts pet trade wildlife markets most popular animal TRAFFIC the wildlife trade monitoring network Greenpeace ProFauna Southeast Asia

Posted in Asia, Ecosystems, Endangered species, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Sumatra, Thailand, Tigers, Wildlife, Wildlife habitat, Wildlife survival Tagged with: , , , , , , , ,

What’s this blog about?

These days, I blog mostly about nature and wildlife. Even the tiniest creatures make me happy! You'll also find here lots of posts about plant-based foods, health, and ecotourism. Ecotourism can support local people who make a living through sustainable use of wildlife, habitat, and natural resources.

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Link to our other blog, Veggie Revolution

Our other blog, Veggie Revolution, focuses more on food than this one does, especially the environmental, health and humane aspects of our food choices. That blog was started in 2005 and continues today, while the blog you're reading now began in 2009. Some of the newer posts are on both blogs, but Veggie Rev has at least 260 more posts than this blog, including Sadie's travels to Morocco. In the sidebar of Veggie Rev, you'll see links to each year that can take you back to all the posts for a particular year.

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